The Mamuthones’ origins are unknown but likely date back to the Nuraghic Age. On January 17, St. Anthony’s feast day, is the first outing of the group (sa prima issida).
The Mamuthones dance consists of rhythmic jumps partnered with the sound of the 30 kg of bells that they wear on their shoulders. Their outfit is made of black velvet trousers typical of Sardinian menswear, a head kerchief, a checkered shirt, and a heavy, black sheepskin cloak over top. The clusters of bells are placed on their backs in descending order with the biggest on top. Inside each bell is a clapper made from a sheep bone. When the bone strikes the heavy bells, the harmonious ringing drives away evil energies. The bells for the Mamuthones are handmade by local artisans who specialize in creating distinctly unique sounds for each flock of goats and sheep.
Lastly, the mask is always handcarved and blackened, with a sharp nose and mournful face. They are typically made from alder, olive, or cherry wood.
Always alongside the Mamuthones are the Issohadores. It is always their duty to help the Mamuthones dress. Their name was given after the “soha,” the lasso they use during the parade to catch the local women, a sign of good luck.The Issohadores dress in red and white, with a white mask and expressionless face.
In the ritual, which many would describe as somber, the Mamuthones form two parallel equal lines. Some Issohadores are placed in front of the lines and others are behind to guide and guard the Mamuthones. Except for one, su guidadore (the leader). He is placed in front of the Mamuthones, in the middle between the two lines: he decides the steps and when the procession must stop and go.
Led by the Issohadores, the Mamuthones circle a bonfire blessed by the priest of Mamoiada’s Mother Church. Representatives of each neighborhood will use embers from this blaze to start dozens of local bonfires, which the characters will then visit and circle three times each.
